Table 1 Objectives and learning outcomes

Approach a patient with polytrauma

- Perform a primary and secondary survey of trauma patients (the ABCDE approach)

- Assess an airway

- Explain when advanced airway management is needed

- Assess breathing

- Explain when to assist breathing (Non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation)

- Assess fluid status (circulation)

- Provide appropriate resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock (Damage control resuscitation)

- Recognize life-threatening injuries (Tension pneumothorax, Massive hemothorax, Traumatic brain injuries, Cardiac tamponade)

- Perform critical interventions for high-risk conditions

- Assess and manage burn patients

Approach a patient with undifferentiated shock

- Recognize early signs of shock

- Assess and manage hypovolemic shock (hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic), e.g., Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal bleeding and Cholera

- Assess and manage cardiogenic shock, e.g., STEMI, NSTEMI, Arrhythmias, Myocarditis

- Assess and manage distributive shock, e.g., septic shock, anaphylactic shock, and neurogenic shock

- Assess and manage obstructive shock, e.g., cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and massive pulmonary embolism

Approach a patient with difficulty in breathing

- Recognize early signs of respiratory failure

- Assess and manage the status of asthmatics, COPD exacerbation, and COVID Pneumonia

- Assess and manage pneumothorax, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema.

- Assess and manage massive pulmonary embolism.

- Assess and manage common respiratory diseases in Pediatrics, e.g., croup, bronchiolitis, and reactive airway disease

Approach a patient with altered mental status

- Recognize key history findings suggestive of different causes of altered mental status.

- Recognize key physical findings suggestive of different causes of altered mental status

- Assess and manage patients presented with stroke, meningitis, and seizures

- Assess and manage a patient with acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, and severe electrolyte imbalance

- Assess and manage patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, thyroid Storm, and myxedema coma

- Assess and manage patients with snake bite

- Assess and manage patients with poisoning (organophosphates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, paracetamol poisoning)