Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in rapidly progressing cardiac amyloidosis: a literature review based on case report

Table 2 The patient’s echocardiogram showed evidence of restricted cardiomyopathy

Variable	Result
Chambers sizes and ventricular function	Normal size (LVEDD:45 mm), Mild LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF:45%), Severe decreased GLS:-7%, and global hypokinesia, Moderate-Severe LVH, LVSD:16.5 mm and PWP:15mmHg (Fig. 3C)
	Grade III diastolic dysfunction (E/A > 2, E/Ea > 15, and E”:3Cm/S), Mild LAE (LAVI:35cc/m²), Mild RAE (RA area: 18cm²) (Fig. 3D)
	Mild RVE and Moderate RV systolic dysfunction (TAPSE:12 mm), FAC:20%,
Valves	Trileaflet AV, No AS, No AI, Normal ascending aorta and root, No COA, No MS, Moderate MR, Moderate TR (TVG:31 mmHg, PAP:41mmHg), No TS
IVC size	Top normal of normal size IVC and respiratory collapse < 50%
Pericardial Effusion	Moderate PE (12 mm around RA), Small PE with no compressive sign
Recommendation	According to the findings, RCM should be considered, and CMR is recommended

LVEDD: Left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, LVEF: Left ventricle ejection fraction, GLS: Global longitudinal strain, LVH: Left ventricle hypertrophy, LVSD: Left ventricle systolic diameter, PWP: Pulmonary wedge pressure, E/A: E-wave on A-wave ratio, LAE: Left atrial enlargement, LAVI: Left-atrial volume indexed, RAE: Right atrium enlargement, RVE: Right ventricle enlargement, TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, FAC: Fractional area change, AV: Aortic valve, AS: Aortic stenosis, AI: Aortic insufficiency, COA: Coarctation of Aorta, MS: Mitral stenosis, MR: Mitral regurgitation, TVG: Tricuspid valve gradient, PAP: Pulmonary Atrial Pressure, TS: Tricuspid stenosis, IVC: Inferior vena cava, RCM: Restricted cardiomyopathy, CMR: Cardiac magnetic resonance, E/A: E-wave to A-wave ratio, E’:Ventricle relaxation index

ISSN: 1865-1380